LAW

ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Pursuant to the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam in 1992, which was revised under the Resolution 51/2001/QH10 dated 25 December 2001 by the National Assembly, Legislature X, at the 10th Session;
This Law regulates the protection of the environment.

Chapter I

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1: Scope of Law

This Law provides for environmental protection; for policies, measures and resources for environmental protection; and for the rights and obligations of organizations, households and individuals for environmental protection.

Article 2: Objects of Application

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In case the provisions of international treaties to which the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam is a Contracting Party, contradict the provisions of this Law, the former shall prevail.

Article 3: Definition of Terms

For the purposes of this Law the below-cited terms shall have the following meanings:

1. The Environment comprises natural and man-made physical factors that surround human beings and affect life, production, the existence and development of man and living organisms.

2. Environmental Components mean physical factors that constitute the environment, including soil, water, air, sound, light, living organisms, ecological systems and other physical forms.

3. Environmental Protection refers to all activities to preserve the environment for its health, cleanness and beauty; prevention and restriction of adversely environmental impacts and response to environmental incidents; remedy of environmental pollution and degradation, rehabilitation and improvement of environmental quality;rational and economical exploitation and use of natural resources; and protection of biodiversity resources.

4. Sustainable Development means development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs on the basis of a close and harmonized combination between economic growths, assurance of social advancements and environmental protection.

5. Environmental Standards mean permissible limits of ambient environmental quality parameters and of pollutant contents in wastes set forth by the competent State agencies to serve as basis for environmental management and protection.

6. Environmental Pollution means changes in environmental components, which are not appropriate to the established environmental standards and cause adverse impacts

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7. Environmental Degradation means degradation in the quality and quantity of environmental components that cause adverse impacts on human beings and living organisms.

8. Environmental Incidents mean incidents or risks occurring in the process of human activities, or abnormal changes of nature causing seriously environmental pollution, degradation and changes.

9. Pollutants mean substances or physical factors that are present in, and cause pollution to, the environment.

10. Wastes mean materials that take a solid, liquid, gaseous, or other forms, are discharged from production, service, daily life or other activities.

11. Hazardous Waste means a waste that contains any of toxic, radioactive, flammable, explosive, corrosive, infectious, poisonous, and other hazardous characteristics.

12. Waste Management refers to all activities engaged with waste segregation, collection, transport, reduction, reuse, recycling, treatment and disposal.

13. Scrap Materials refer to all products and materials that are discarded from a specific process of production or consumption but are collected as input materials for other productions.

14. Carrying Capacity of the Environment means permissible limits of the environment that allow receiving and absorbing pollutants.

15. Ecological System (Ecosystem) means a system of living organism populations existing and evolving together, and interacting with one another in a given naturally geographic area.

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17. Environmental Monitoring is a process of systematically monitoring the environment and factors that may impose impacts on the environment with the goal of providing relevant information for assessing the current state of the environment, changes in environmental quality, and adversely environmental impacts.

18. Environmental Information comprises statistics and data on environmental components; on reserves and ecological and economic values of natural resources; on environmental impacts; on wastes; on the severity of environmental pollution and degradation; and on other environmental issues.

19. Strategic Environment Assessment means the analysis and prediction of potential environmental impacts of strategic projects and development planning and plans prior to approval in order to ensure the achievement of sustainable development.

20. Environmental Impact Assessment means the analysis and prediction of potential impacts of specific investment projects on the environment in order to propose measures to protect the environment when the implementation of projects takes place.

21. Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) refer all gases that affect the exchange of heat between the earth’s surface and the lower layers of atmosphere to increase the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere.

22. GHG Emission Quota refers an assigned amount of GHG emissions that each nation allows to release into the atmosphere according to the provisions of the relevant international treaties.

Article 4: Principles of Environmental Protection

1. Environmental protection must be harmonized with economic development and the security ofsocial advancements to ensure the achievement of sustainable development of the country, and actions undertaken to protect the environment at national level must be combined with those at regional and global levels.

2. Environmental protection is the cause that the whole society fights for, and is the rights and obligations of the State, all organizations, households and individuals.

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4. Environmental protection must be consistent with natural laws, cultural and historical characteristics, and socio-economic development levels of the country during each specific period.

5. In case of causing environmental pollution and degradation, organizations, households and individuals shall have the responsibility to take remedial measures and shall compensate for, and take other responsibility therefor according to the provisions of the law.

Article 5: State Policies on Environmental Protection

1. Encouraging and facilitating the involvement of all organizations, residential communities, households and individuals in environmental protection activities.

2. Promoting environmental education and awareness among, and mobilization of, the people in combination with the introduction of administrative, economic and other measures to build up the voluntary consciousness and the order and discipline of environmental protection.

3. Utilizing natural resources rationally and economically, developing clean and renewable energies; and promoting waste reduction, reuse and recycling.

4. Prioritizing the resolution of urgent environmental problems; concentrating on resolving establishments that seriously pollute the environment; remedying polluted and degraded areas; and attaching importance to environmental protection of urban centers and residential areas.

5. Investing in environmental protection means the investment in development; diversifying investment capitals for environmental protection and designating expenditures for environmental protection from the State budget annually.

6. Giving preferential treatment in terms of land use, taxation and financial support, to environmental protection activities and environmentally friendly product production and consumption; and harmonizing environmental protection with effective use of environmental components for development.

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8.Improving the effectiveness of, and extending international cooperation in the field of environmental protection and fulfilling international environmental commitments; and encouraging organizations and individuals to participate in, and implement international cooperation in the field of environmental protection.

9. Developing environmental protection infrastructures; and strengthening the national capacity of environmental protection in the direction of its standardization and modernization.

Article 6: Environmental Protection Actions to Be Encouraged

1. Propagandizing, educating and mobilizing all people to participate in environmental protection, environmental sanitation, natural landscape protection and biodiversity conservation.

2. Protecting and utilizing natural resources in a rational and economical manner;

3. Reducing, collecting, recycling and reuse of wastes;

4. Developing and utilizing clean and renewable energies; reducing the emission of gases that cause greenhouse effects and deplete ozone layer

5. Adopting the registration of environmental standard certification and environmentally friendly product certification.

6. Carrying out the scientific research, transfer and deployment of waste treatment, recycling and environmentally friendly technologies;

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8. Conserving and developing indigenous genetic resources; and breeding and importing genetic resources of economic values and environmental benefits;

9. Building up environmentally friendly hamlets, villages, communes, offices, enterprises and production and business units;

10. Developing forms of self-governing organizations in, and organizing, the provisions of sanitary services in residential communities;

11. Building up the lifestyle and habits of environmental sanitation, and eliminating degenerate customs that harm the environment;

12. Contributing knowledge, energies and financial resources to environmental protection;

Article 7: Acts to Be Strictly Prohibited

1. Destroying and illegally exploiting forests and other natural resources;

2. Exploiting, fishing and harvesting biological resources with destructive means, tools and methods, in the off season and at yields that are exceeding the permissible levels as stipulated by the law;

3. Exploiting, trading in, consuming, and use of rare and precious species of flora and fauna included in lists of protected species established by the State competent authorities;

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5. Discharging wastes without treatment to meet the environmental standards; and toxic, radioactive, and other hazardous substances into soil and water resources;

6. Emitting smokes, dusts and gases containing toxic substances and noxious odors into the atmosphere; and releasing radiation, radioactivity and ionized substances at levels exceeding the permissible environmental standards;

7. Generating noise and vibration at levels exceeding the permissible standards;

8. Importing machinery, equipment and means that are not meeting environmental standards;

9. Importing, exporting, and transiting wastes under any form;

10. Importing and transiting animals and plants without being quarantined; and microorganisms that are not included into the established list.

11. Producing and trading products that harm human beings, living organisms and ecosystems; and producing and using building raw materials containing toxic substances at levels exceeding the permissible environmental standards.

12. Intruding into natural heritage and natural reserves;

13. Intruding into environmental protection works and facilities;

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as restricted areas that may cause especially environmental dangers to human health and life;

15. Concealing acts of causing damages to the environment, obstructing environmental protection activities and distorting information causing bad consequences to the environment;

16. Other acts that are strictly prohibited in environmental protection according to the provisions of the law.

Chapter II

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

Article 8: Principles for Establishment and Application of Environmental Standards

1. The establishment and application of environmental standards must observe the following principles:

a) To ensure the achievement of objectives set forth to protect the environment and prevent environmental pollution, degradation and incidents;

b) To ensure the established environmental standards to be timely issued, feasible and consistent with levels of socio-economic development and technology development of the country, and satisfy the requirements for international economic integration;

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2. Organizations and individuals must observe the obligatory environmental standards proclaimed by the State.

Article 9: Contents of National Environmental Standards

1. Categories of standard;

2. Environmental parameters and limit values;

3. Objects of the application of the standards;

4. Procedures and methods for guiding the application of the standards;

5. Terms and conditions for the application of the standards;

6. Measurement, sampling and analytical methods.

Article 10: National System of Environmental Standards

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2. The ambient environmental quality standards include:

a) Set of soil quality standards established for the purposes of agricultural, forestry and fishery production and other purposes;

b) Set of surface and ground water quality standards established for the purposes of water supplies for drinking, domestic, industrial, aquacultural and agricultural irrigation consumptions and other purposes;

c) Set of marine and coastal water quality standards established for the purposes of aquaculture, recreation and amusement and other purposes;

d) Set of air quality standards in urban and rural residential areas;

e) Set of standards for sound, light and radiation in residential areas and public places.

3. The waste standards include:

a) Set of standards for wastewater effluents discharged from industries, service, animal raising, aquaculture, households and other activities;

b) Set of standards for industrial air emissions and other air emissions released from domestic, industrial and medical solid waste treatment and disposal facilities and other waste treatment forms;

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d) Set of hazardous waste standards;

e) Set of standards for noise and vibration established for means of transport, production and service establishments and construction activities.

Article 11: Requirements for Ambient Environmental Quality Standards

1. The ambient environmental quality standards specify limit values of environmental parameters that are appropriate to the purposes of use of environmental components, including:

a) Minimum permissible values of the environmental parameters that ensure the normal life and development of human beings and other living organisms;

b) Maximum permissible values of the environmental parameters at which there is no harm or damage caused to the normal life and development of human beings and other living organisms.

3. A specific guidance of standardized methods for measuring, sampling and analysis must be provided with the environmental parameters set forth in the environmental quality standards in order to define these parameters.

Article 12: Requirements for Waste Standards

1. The waste standards must specify maximum values of pollution parameters present in wastes to ensure that there is no harm to human beings and other living organisms.

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3. A specific guidance of standardized methods for measuring, sampling and analysis must be provided with the pollution parameters set forth in the waste standards.

Article 13: Issuance and Proclamation of National Environmental Standard Application

1. The Government shall specify the competence, order and procedures for establishing, promulgating and certifying the national environmental standards according to the provisions of the law on the standardization.

2. The Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment shall proclaim the national environmental standards and stipulate a roadmap and coefficients for the application

of the environmental standards by sectors and regions, according to the carrying capacity of specific environments.

3. The revision of the national environmental standards shall be taken every five years; and in necessary case the revision of some environmental standards that are inappropriate any more and the amendment of new standards to the environmental standards may be taken earlier than the above said period.

4. The national environmental standards must be widely proclaimed to organizations and individuals for their knowledge and application.

Chapter III

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION COMMITMENTS

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Article 14: Objects that are Subject to Strategic Environment Assessment Reporting

1.National socio-economic development strategies, planning and plans.

2.Sectoral development strategies, planning and plans of national scale.

3. Socio-economic development strategies, planning and plans of provinces and cities directly under the Central Government (hereinafter called “Provincial Level”) and regions.

4. Land-use planning; forest protection and development; other natural resource exploitation and use at least at inter-provincial and inter-regional levels.

5. Focal economic zone development planning.

6. Integrated river basin planning at inter-provincial level.

Article 15: Preparation of Strategic Environment Assessment Reports

1. Agencies that are assigned to formulate projects falling into the categories of projects stipulated in Article 14 of this Law shall have the responsibility to prepare strategic environment assessment reports.

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Article 16: Contents of Strategic Environment Assessment Reports

1. General description of project objectives, scales and characteristics relating to the environment;

2. General description of natural, socio-economic and environmental conditions relating to projects.

3. Prediction of adverse impacts which are likely to occur during the implementation of projects.

4. Provision of references on sources of statistics and data, and assessment methods.

5. Proposing overall directions and solutions to address environmental issues during the implementation of projects.

Article 17: Review of Strategic Environment Assessment Reports

1. The strategic environment assessment reports shall be reviewed by a review council established according to the provisions of Paragraph 7 of this Article.

2. Members of the review council of projects of national and inter-provincial scales shall comprise representatives from agencies that are responsible for project approval; representatives from relevant ministries, ministerial level agencies, Government bodies and provincial level People’s Committees; qualified experts whose specific professions are appropriate to the contents and characteristics of specific projects; and representatives from other organizations and individuals decided by the competent agencies that are responsible for establishing the review council.

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4. A membership of the review council as stipulated in Paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article must comprise at least, fifty percent of its members who are qualified in terms of their professional knowledge of environmental protection and of other relevant fields relating to the contents of projects. Those who directly participate in the preparation of strategic environment assessment reports shall not be eligible to the membership of the review council.

5. Organizations and individuals shall have the rights to submit their requests and recommendations on environmental protection to agencies that are responsible for establishing the review council, and agencies that are responsible for project approval; and the council and agencies responsible for project approval shall be responsible for considering these requests and recommendations before making their conclusions and decisions.

6. Results of the strategic environment assessment report review shall serve as basis for the approval of the projects.

7. Responsibilities for establishing the review council of strategic environment assessment reports shall be defined as follows:

a) The Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment shall establish the review council of strategic environment assessment reports of projects that are subject to the approval of the National Assembly, the Government and the Prime Minister;

b) Line ministries, ministerial level agencies and Government bodies shall organize the review council of strategic environment assessment reports of projects that are subject to the approval within their competence;

c) Provincial level People’s Committees shall organize the review council of strategic environment assessment reports of the projects that are subject to the competence of their decision and that of the same level People’s Councils.

SECTION 2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Article 18: Objects that are Subject to Preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment Reports

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a) Projects of national importance;

b) Projects that use part of land of, or are likely to cause adverse impact to, natural reserves, national parks, historical-cultural relics, natural heritage and famed beauty spots that are designated;

c) Projects that are likely to impose risks of adverse impacts on water resources of river basins, coastal areas and protected ecosystem areas;

d) Projects on infrastructure development in economic areas, industrial parks, hi-tech parks, export- processing zones and craft village clusters;

e) Projects on new urban center and centered residential area development;

f) Projects on large-scale groundwater and other natural resources exploitation and use;

g) Other projects that may impose potential risks of adversely environmental impacts.

2. The Government shall specify a list of projects that are subject to the preparation of environmental impact assessment reports.

Article 19: Preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment Reports

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2. The preparation of environmental impact assessment reports must be performed concurrently with the formulation of project feasibility study reports.

3. Project proponents may conduct themselves, or contract out the preparation of environmental impact assessment reports to consultancy service organizations, and shall be liable for statistics, data and results described in the environmental impact assessment reports

4. In cases of changes in project scales, contents, and implementation and completion schedules, project proponents shall have the responsibility to justify the changes to agencies responsible for project approval; in necessary case additional reports on environmental impact assessment must be required.

5. Consultancy service organizations shall be eligible to the preparation of environmental impact assessment reports if they satisfy necessary terms and conditions of professionals, technical and physical resources.

Article 20: Contents of Environmental Impact Assessment Reports

1. Listing and detailed description of works and items of projects with information on spatial and temporal scales and construction workloads; and technologies that would be applied to operate each of works, items and projects as a whole.

2. General assessment of the current state of the environment at project sites and in the vicinity of sites; of the sensitivity and carrying capacity of local environments.

3. Comprehensive assessment of potential environmental impacts that are likely to be caused during the implementation of projects, and of environmental components and socio-economic factors that are likely to be directly affected by projects; and prediction of risks of environmental incidents that may be imposed by projects;

4. Specific measures for adversely environmental impact minimization; and environmental incident prevention and response.

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6. Lists of works and programmes on the management and monitoring of environmental issues during the implementation of projects.

7. Estimation of costs incurred in the construction of environmental protection works and/or facilities within the total estimated budget of projects.

8. Comments from the People’s Committees at communal, quarter and/or township level (hereinafter called “Communal Level”) and representatives from residential communities where the implementation of projects takes place; objections to the location of projects at localities or to proposed environmental protection solutions, must be included into the environmental impact assessment reports.

9. Provision of references on sources of statistics and data, and assessment methods.

Article 21: Review of Environmental Impact Assessment Reports

1. The review of environmental impact assessment reports shall be performed by a review council or a review service organization.

The Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment shall specify terms of, and provide guidance for implementing the review of environmental impact assessment reports by the review service organization.

2. Members of the review council for projects that fall under Items (a) and (b), Paragraph 7 of this Article, shall comprise representatives from agencies that are responsible for project approval and their environmental protection agencies; environmental protection agencies at provincial level where projects are implemented; qualified experts whose specific professions are appropriate to the contents and characteristics of specific projects; and representatives from other organizations and individuals decided by the competent agencies that are responsible for establishing the review council.

3. Members of the review council for projects that fall under Item (c), Paragraph 7 of this Article shall comprise representatives from the provincial level People’s Committees; provincial environmental protection agencies and relevant provincial line departments; qualified experts whose specific professions are appropriate to the contents and characteristics of specific projects; and representatives from other organizations and individuals decided by the competent agencies that are responsible for establishing the review council.

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4. A membership of the review council as stipulated in Paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article must comprise at least fifty percents of their members who are qualified in terms of professional knowledge of environmental protection and of other relevant fields relating

to the contents of projects. Those who directly participate in the preparation of environment assessment reports shall not be eligible to the membership of the review councils.

5. Review service organizations shall be eligible to take part in the review according to decisions made by agencies that are responsible for the project approval, and must be liable for their comments and conclusions made on the review.

6. Organizations, residential communities and individuals shall have the rights to submit their requests and recommendations on environmental protection to agencies responsible for establishing the review council as stipulated in Paragraph 7 of this Article; and agencies that are responsible for the review shall have the responsibility to consider these requests and recommendations before making their conclsions and decisions.

7. Responsibilities for establishing the review council of environmental impact assessment reports shall be defined as follows:

a) The Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment shall have the responsibility to establish the council or organize the selection of review service organizations to review environmental assessment reports of the projects that are subject to the approval of the National Assembly, the Government and the Prime Minister; and other inter-sector and inter-provincial projects ;

b) Ministries, ministerial level agencies and Government bodies shall have the responsibility to establish the council or organize the selection of review service organizations to review environmental impact assessment reports of the projects within their competence of decisions and approvals, except inter-sector and inter- provincial projects;

c) Provincial level People’s Committees shall have the responsibility to establish the council or organize the selection of review service organizations to review environmental impact assessment reports of the projects that take place within their territories and subject to their competence of decision and approval and that of the People’s Councils of the same level.

Article 22: Approval of Environmental Impact Assessment Reports

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2. The agencies that are responsible for the approval of the environmental impact assessment reports shall have the responsibility to examine any of relevant complaints and recommendations submitted by project proponents and concerned residential communities, organizations and individuals before making the approval.

3. Within a maximum period of 15 working days from the date of receipt of environmental impact assessment reports revised to comply with requirements set forth in conclusions made by the review council and review service organizations, Heads of the agencies stipulated in Paragraph 1 of this Article, must consider and make decisions on the approval of environmental impact assessment reports; and if rejected, must reply, in writing, to project proponents in which reasons of the rejection are clearly stated.

4. Projects that fall under Article 18 of this Law, of which their investments, constructions and operations shall be only approved and licensed when their environmental impact assessment reports are approved.

Article 23: Responsibilities for Implementing Environmental Impact Assessment Report Contents, and Inspecting their Performance

1. Project proponents shall have the responsibility to:

a) Report to the People’s Committee at local level where the implementation of projects takes place, contents of the approval of environmental impact assessment reports;

b) Post up at project sites the categories of wastes, their treatment technologies, waste parameters and standards and, measures to protect the environment so that the local residential communities can know, check and monitor.

c) Properly and adequately perform contents of environmental protection described in the approved environmental impact assessment reports and comply with requirements set forth in the decision on the approval of the environmental impact assessment reports.

d) Notify agencies that are responsible for the approval of environmental impact assessment reports of the fulfillment of the contents and the requirements set forth in the decision on approving the environmental impact assessment reports for inspection and certification.

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2. Agencies that are responsible for the approval of environmental impact assessment reports shall have the responsibility to:

a) Notify the People’s Committees at provincial level where the implementation of projects takes place, of the contents of the decision on approving environmental impact assessment reports; the provincial level People’s Committees shall notify the People’s

Committees at urban and rural district, township and provincial city levels (hereinafter called “ District Level) and communal levels, of the contents of the decision on environmental impact assessment reports approved by agencies, ministries, ministerial level agencies, or Government bodies.

b) Direct and organize the monitoring of the compliance with contents described in the approved environmental impact assessment reports.

SECTION 3. COMMITMENTS TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Article 24: Objects that are Subject to Environmental Protection Commitments

Household scaled production, business and service units and objects that are not falling into the categories as stipulated in Articles 14 and 18 of this Law, shall be subject to the commitment to environmental protection made in written form.

Article 25: Contents of Environmental Protection Commitments

1. Project sites.

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3. Categories of wastes to be generated.

4. Commitments to undertake relevant waste reduction and treatment measures, and to the compliance with the provisions of the law on environmental protection.

Article 26: Registration of Environmental Protection Commitments

1. District level People’s Committees shall have the responsibility to organize the registration of the commitment to environmental protection, and may authorize the communal level People’s Committees to organize the registration, if necessary.

2. The deadline of the certification of environmental protection commitments shall not be exceeding five (5) working days from the date of receipt of eligible commitments to environmental protection.

3. Objects that fall under Article 24 of this Law shall only be allowed to operate their production, business and service units when the commitment to environmental protection has been registered.

Article 27: Responsibilities for Implementing Environmental Protection Commitments and Inspecting their Performance

1. Organizations and individuals made commitments to environmental protection shall have

the responsibility to implement properly and adequately contents described in the commitments to environmental protection.

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to environmental protection.

Chapter IV

CONSERVATION AND RATIONAL USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES

Article 28: Natural Resources Investigation, Assessment and Use Planning

8. Natural resources must be investigated and assessed in terms of their reserves, regenerativeness, and economic values to serve as basis for planning their use, defining permissible levels of their exploitation and determining rates of environmental tax and environmental protection fees and fund deposits for environmental rehabilitation, environmental damage compensation and other environmental protection measures.

9. Natural resource use planning must be integrated with natural resource conservation planning.

10. Responsibilities for natural resources investigation, assessment and use planning shall be performed according to the provisions of the law on natural resources.

Article 29: Nature Conservation

1. Regions and ecosystems being endowed with biodiversity values of national and international importance must be investigated, assessed and protected by taking forms of marine protected areas, national parks, nature reserves, biosphere reserves and species and habitat conservation areas (hereinafter called “Nature Reserves”) according to their plans developed.

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a) Values of global, national and local natural heritages;

b) Values of the primitiveness, special use and protection;

c) Regionally ecological regulation and equilibrium;

d) Naturally geographical representativeness or uniqueness;

e) Permanent or seasonal habitats, breeding areas and development of multiple endemic, rare and precious and endangered species of fauna and flora;

f) National and local values of biosphere, habitats, natural landscapes and human ecology;

g) Other conservation values as stipulated by the provisions of the law.

3. The establishment of nature reserves must observe the planning approved by the competent State agencies.

4. Nature reserves shall be managed by their own management boards and regulations.

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Article 30: Biodiversity Protection

1. The protection of biodiversity must be implemented based on the assurance of the rights and legitimate benefits of local residential communities and other categories concerned.

2. The State shall have the responsibility to establish genetic banks in order to protect and develop indigenous, rare and precious genetic resources; and encourage the importation

of genetic resources of high values.

3. Endangered, rare and precious species of fauna and flora shall be protected in accordance with the following provisions:

a) Listing and categorizing species for the management according to the endangered, rare and precious levels;

b) Developing plans for their protection and taking measures to prevent hunting, exploitation, trade and use;

c) Implementing programmes on their rearing, nurturing, and protection according to special regimes appropriate to each specific species; and developing wild animal rescue centers.

4. The Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment shall, in collaboration with relevant ministries, ministerial level agencies, Government bodies and provincial level People’s Committees, have the primary responsibility to protect biodiversity resources according to the provisions of the law on biodiversity.

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1. The State shall encourage the development of ecological models in hamlets, villages, residential areas, industrial parks, resorts, tourist centers, and of other types of natural landscapes to create the harmony between man and nature.

2. Organizations and individuals engaged in planning, construction, production, business, service and living activities, must comply with the requirements for natural landscape preservation and conservation.

3. Ministries, ministerial level agencies, Government bodies and People’s Committees at all levels shall, within the extent of their duties and powers, have the responsibility for planning and organizing the management, protection and development of environmental landscapes in accordance with this Law and the other provisions of the relevant law.

Article 32: Environmental Protection in Natural Resources Investigation, Prospecting, Exploitation and Use

1. Natural resources investigation, prospecting, exploitation and use must observe the planning approved by the competent State agencies.

2. Permits of natural resources exploitation and use must specify fully terms and conditions

of environmental protection.

The exploitation of natural resources must observe contents of environmental protection prescribed in the exploitation and use permits granted by the competent State agencies.

3. Organizations and individuals shall have the responsibility to comply with the requirements for environmental protection during the investigation, prospecting, exploitation and use of natural resources that take place; and to take actions of environmental rehabilitation upon the completion of prospecting and exploitation activities in accordance with the provisions of this Law and the other provisions of the relevant law.

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1. Clean and renewable energies are energies that are extracted from wind, solar, geothermal, water, biomass and other renewable resources.

2. Organizations and individuals engaged in the investment in clean and renewable energy development and use, and in the production of environmentally friendly products shall be entitled to the preferential treatment of tax, funds and land-use given by the State for constructing their production facilities.

3. The Government shall develop and implement a strategy of clean and renewable energies in order to achieve the following objectives:

a) Strengthening of national capacity in the research and application of clean and renewable energy exploitation and use technologies;

b) Extension of international cooperation, and mobilization of resources to participate, in the field of clean and renewable energy exploitation and use;

c) Gradual increase in the ratio of clean and renewable energy yields to the total national energy production; and implementation of objectives on national energy security, natural resources saving and GHG emission reduction;

d) Integration of a clean and renewable energy development programme with poverty reduction and rural, mountainous, coastal and island development programmes.

4. The State shall encourage less polluting and naturally degradable product and good production and consumption; clean energy production from wastes; and the production, importation and operation of clean and renewable energy fired machinery, equipment and means of transport.

Article 34: Building up of Environmentally Friendly Consumption Practices

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2. The Ministry of Culture and Information and press and information agencies shall, in collaboration with the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment, have the responsibility to propagandize, introduce, and expand the outreach of, environmentally friendly products and goods to promote their consumption among the people.

Chapter V

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN PRODUCTION, BUSINESS AND SERVICE ACTIVITIES

Article 35: Environmental Protection Responsibilities of Organizations and Individuals in Production, Business and Service Activities

1. To observe the provisions of the law on environmental protection.

2. To undertake measures for environmental protection prescribed in the approved environmental impact assessment reports and the registered environmental protection commitments, and to comply with the established environmental standards.

3. To prevent and restrict adverse impacts caused by their operations on the environment.

4. To remedy environmental pollution caused by their operations.

5. To propagandize, educate, and raise consciousness of, environmental protection among laborers working in their production, business and service units.

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7. To comply with regimes of examination and inspection of environmental protection.

8. To pay environmental taxes and environmental protection fees.

Article 36: Environmental Protection in Centered Production, Business and Service Areas

1. Economic zones, industrial parks and clusters, export-processing zones, hi-tech parks, tourist centers and resorts (hereinafter called “Centered Production, Business and Service Areas”) must comply with the requirements for environmental protection, including:

a) Observing the approved development master planning;

b) Integrating the planning and arrangements of functional zones and types of operations with environmental protection;

c) Properly and adequately perform contents of the approved environmental impact assessment reports;

d) Providing with adequate facilities to collect and store general solid and hazardous wastes, and satisfying the requirements for receiving wastes that are segregated at source from the centered production, business and service areas;

e) Installing and routinely operating systems of centered wastewater collection and treatment, and of air emission treatment that meet the environmental standards;

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g) Establishing environmental monitoring systems;

h) Establishing professional sections that are qualified to perform tasks of environmental protection.

2. Industrial parks and clusters, export-processing zones and hi-tech parks that are likely to cause adverse damages to the environment, must be located at an environmentally safe distance from local residential areas and nature reserves.

3. The implementation of production, business and service projects within the centered production, business and service areas shall be only allowed when the requirements stipulated in Paragraph 1 of this Article are complied with, examined and certified by the competent State agencies.

4. Specialized units of environmental protection within the centered production, business and service areas shall have the responsibility to perform the following tasks:

a) To examine and monitor the performance of environmental protection requirements by units and projects invested within the centered production, business and service areas;

b) To manage general solid and hazardous waste collection and storage systems; centered wastewater collection and treatment systems; and air emission treatment systems;

c) To organize environmental monitoring, assessment of the current state of the environment, synthesize and prepare environmental performance reports and regularly report to specialized agencies of environmental protection at provincial level;

d) To provide the management boards with consultations in the settlement of disputes relating to environmental issues between projects implemented within the centered production, business and service areas.

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Article 37: Environmental Protection by Production, Business and Service Units

1. Production, business and service units must comply with the following requirements for environmental protection:

a) To construct wastewater collection and treatment infrastructures in compliance with the environmental standards.

In case the transfer of wastewater effluents to centered wastewater treatment systems is required, regulations stipulated by the management organizations of the centered wastewater treatment systems must be observed;

b) To provide adequate facilities and equipment for collecting and storing solid wastes and put

in place solid waste segregation at source;

c) To develop and take measures for reducing and treating dusts and air emissions to meet the environmental standards before releasing into the environment; ensure the avoidance of any leakage and/or dispersion of toxic gases and emissions into the environment; restrict the generation of noise, lighting and heat causing adverse effects on ambient environments and laborers;

d) To provide adequate resources and equipment for ensuring environmental incident prevention and response, especially in those production units that consume chemicals and radioactive, flammable and explosive substances;

2. Production units and/or storehouses that fall into the following categories must not be located within residential areas, or must be located at an environmentally safe distance from residential areas:

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b) Use of substances that generate high levels of radioactivity and radiation;

c) Use of toxic substances that may harm the health of human beings, animals and poultries;

d) Release of odors that cause adverse effects on human health;

e) Potentially serious pollution that may be caused to water resources;

f) Generation of noise, dusts and air emissions at levels exceeding the permissible standards.

Article 38: Environmental Protection in Craft Villages

9. The planning, construction, improvement and development of craft villages must be integrated with environmental protection;

The State shall encourage the development of craft village industrial areas and clusters that share environmental protection infrastructure systems;

10. Provincial level People’s Committees shall have the responsibility to direct and organize the inventory and assessment of pollution levels at craft villages within the territory, and develop plans to address environmental pollution at craft villages by taking measures as follows:

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b) To construct general solid and hazardous waste storages, and provide equipment for satisfying the requirements for waste collection, and which are appropriate to the segregation of wastes at source to facilitate the centered waste treatment;

c) To make planning of craft village industrial areas and clusters in order to relocate those production units that seriously pollute the environment from residential areas;

d) To propagandize and disseminate information about new and less polluting technologies among the people for their knowledge and adoption.

11. Production units that operate within craft village industrial areas and clusters, must comply with the following requirements for environmental protection:

a) Wastewater effluents must be collected and transferred to centered wastewater treatment systems; in case that the centered wastewater treatment system is not available, measures of wastewater treatment to meet the environmental standards must be undertaken before discharging;

b) Solid wastes must be segregated at source and transported to storages of solid wastes according to the regulations on waste management; in case that solid wastes contain hazardous substances, the solid wastes must be segregated, collected, stored and treated in accordance with the regulations on hazardous waste management;

c) Financial contributions must be made to constructing environmental protection infrastructures and, environmental protection fees must be fully paid according to the provisions of the law.

Article 39: Environmental Protection in Hospitals and Other Medical Units

1. Hospitals and other medical units must comply with the following requirements for environmental protection:

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b) Providing specialized equipment to segregate pathological and medical wastes at source;

c) Undertaking measures to treat and dispose of pathological and medical wastes and expired medicines to ensure sanitation and the compliance with the environmental standards;

d) Having plans drawn up, and facilities and equipment provided to prevent and respond to any of environmental incidents caused by medical wastes;

e) Solid wastes and domestic wastewater discharged from patients must be pre-treated to eliminate germs that are potentially contagious prior to the transfer to centered treatment and disposal facilities;

2. Hospitals and other medical units engaged in the treatment of communicable diseases must undertake measures to isolate their treatment activities from residential areas and water resources.

New hospitals and other medical units engaged in the treatment of communicable diseases must not be constructed within residential areas;

3. X-ray establishments and radioactive substance based medical tool kits and equipment must comply with the requirements for nuclear safety and radiation safety as stipulated in Article 89 of this Law and the law on nuclear safety and radiation safety.

4. Workers in hospitals and other medical units engaged in activities related to medical wastes must be provided with protective clothes and safety equipment to protect them from the infection of epidemic diseases from medical wastes.

5. The Ministry of Health shall, in collaboration with relevant ministries, ministerial level agencies, Government bodies and provincial level People’s Committees, be primarily responsible for directing and organizing the inventory of waste discharge sources and the assessment of pollution levels in hospitals and other medical units; and working out measures to tackle pollution, and guiding and inspecting the performance of the law on environmental protection by hospitals and other medical units.

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1. The planning of construction must comply with the standards and requirements for environmental protection.

2. The construction of works must comply with the following requirements for environmental protection:

(a) Works constructed within residential areas must take measures to ensure the avoidance of generating dusts, noise, vibration and light at levels exceeding the permissible standards;

(b) The transport of building materials must be performed by technically proper means to avoid spillage, leakage and environmental pollution;

(c) Liquid and solid wastes and other wastes under all categories must be collected and treated to meet the environmental standards.

3. People’s Committees at all levels and public order management units may undertake measures to deal with owners of works and means of transport that infringe the regulations on environmental protection.

Article 41: Environmental Protection in Transport Activities

1. The planning of transport must comply with the standards and requirements for environmental protection.

2. Motor vehicles, motorbikes and other motor means of transport that are domestically manufactured, assembled or imported, must comply with the standards on vehicle emissions and noise levels, and must be inspected and certified by the registry offices to meet the environmental standards before operation.

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3. Those motor vehicles that are granted environmental standard certificates by the Ministry of Transport shall be allowed to operate.

4. Means of transport that transport raw materials, materials and wastes must be provided with coverings and containers in order to ensure the avoidance of spillage and leakage causing environmental pollution during the transport.

5. The transport of goods and materials that are likely to impose risks of environmental incidents, must comply with the following requirements:

(a) Use of specialized equipment and means of transport to ensure the avoidance of spillage, leakage and release into the environment;

(b) Having the transport license granted by the competent State management agencies;

(c) Complying with the assigned routes and schedules specified in the permits.

6. The State shall encourage owners of means of transport engaged in the transport of goods that may impose risks of environmental incidents, to insure against the liability of compensation for environmental damages.

Article 42: Environmental Protection in Importation and Transit of Goods

1. Machinery, equipment, means, raw materials, fuels, chemicals and goods that are imported must comply with the environmental standards.

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(a) Machinery, equipment and means that fail to comply with the environmental standards;

(b) Used machinery, equipment and means of transport for the purpose of disassembly;

(c) Raw materials, fuels, materials, chemicals and goods that fall under the list of items banned from the import;

(d) Machinery, equipment and means contaminated with radioactive substances, pathological microbes and other toxins that are not yet cleansed or unable to be cleaned up;

(e) Foods, medicines, pesticides and veterinary medicines that expire or fail to comply with the standards on food quality, hygiene and safety.

3. Machinery, equipment, means, raw materials, fuels, chemicals and goods falling under the categories specified in Paragraph 2 of this Article that are once imported, must be re-exported, disposed of, or destroyed by their owners in accordance with the provisions of the law on waste management; in case of causing serious consequences to the environment, the owners shall be dealt with administratively or be criminally prosecuted, depending on the nature and extent of the infringement; in case of causing damages to the environment, the owners must compensate for the damages in accordance with regulations by the law.

4. Goods, equipment and means that are likely to cause environmental pollution, degradation and incidents in transit through the territory of Viet Nam, shall be subject to environmental permission and examination by the State management agencies of environmental protection.

5 The Ministry of Trade shall, in collaboration with the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment, the Ministry of Finance, relevant ministries, ministerial level agencies and Government bodies, shall be primarily responsible for guiding the compliance with the environmental protection requirements in the importation and transit of goods.

Article 43: Environmental Protection in Importation of Scrap Materials

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(a) Having been segregated, cleansed and unmixed with materials, products and goods that are banned from the import in accordance with the provisions of the law of Viet Nam or international treaties to which the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam is a Contracting Party;

(b) Without containing hazardous wastes and impurities, except non-hazardous impurities mixed during loading, unloading and transport operations;

(c) Falling under the list of scrap material categories that are permitted for import established by the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment.

2. Organizations and individuals directly engaged in the use of scrap materials as input materials to their production and recycling processes, shall be eligible to import scrap materials if the following terms and conditions are satisfied:

(a) Having storehouses and yards separate for the storage of scrap materials to ensure conditions for environmental protection;

(b) Having adequate capacity of treating impurities mixed with scrap materials;

(c) Having technologies adopted and equipment provided for recycling and reusing scrap materials to meet the environmental standards.

3. Organizations and individuals engaged in the import of scrap materials shall have the responsibility to:

(a) Comply with the regulations by the law on environmental protection and other provisions of the relevant law;

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(c) Implement the treatment of impurities mixed with scrap materials; and handing over or sale of impurities are prohibited.

4. Provincial level People’s Committees shall have the responsibility to:

(a) Inspect, detect, prevent and deal with acts of violation against the law relating to imported scrap materials;

(b) Annually report to the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment on the situation of the import and use of scrap materials and imported scrap materials related environmental issues in their localities.

5. The import of scrap materials is a conditional form of business. The Ministry of Trade shall, in collaboration with the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment, be primarily responsible for imposing criteria and conditions on the business of organizations and individuals engaged in the import of scrap materials.

Article 44: Environmental Protection in Mineral Activities

1. Organizations and individuals engaged in mineral resources prospecting and exploitation and mineral processing, must take measures to prevent and respond to environmental incidents, and comply with the following requirements for environmental protection and rehabilitation:

(a) Collecting and treating wastewater to meet the environmental standards;

(b) Collecting and treating solid wastes in accordance with the regulations on general solid waste management; In case solid wastes contain hazardous factors, the management of solid wastes must be performed in accordance with the regulations on hazardous waste management;

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(d) Rehabilitating the environment upon the completion of mineral resource prospecting and exploitation and mineral processing activities.

2. Minerals must be stored and transported with specialized equipment and adequately covered to avoid their leakages and spillage into the environment.

3. The operation of machinery and equipment and the use of toxic chemicals in mineral prospecting, exploration, exploitation and processing shall be subject to the technical certification, inspection and monitoring by the State management agencies of environmental protection.

4. The exploration, prospecting, exploitation, transport and processing of oil, gas and other minerals containing radioactive elements and toxic substances, must comply with the regulations on chemical safety, nuclear safety and radiation safety, and the other regulations on environmental protection.

5. The Ministry of Industry shall, in collaboration with relevant ministries, ministerial level agencies, Government bodies and provincial level People’s Committees, be primarily responsible for directing the inventory of waste discharge sources and the assessment of environmental pollution levels caused by mineral exploitation and processing units; and organizing the inspection of the compliance with the law on environmental protection by these units.

Article 45: Environmental Protection in Tourism Activities

1. Organizations and individuals engaged in the management and operation of tourist centers and destinations must take measures to protect the environment as follows:

(a) Posting up rules of environmental protection at tourist centers and destinations and guiding the enforcement of the rules;

(b) Installing and arranging soundly and adequately sanitary facilities and waste collection bins;

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2. Tourists shall have the responsibility to:

(a) Comply with the rules and instructions on environmental protection set forth by tourist centers and destinations;

(b) Discard wastes into the established waste collection bins;

(c) Keep sanitary conditions in tourist sites;

(d) Not to intrude into landscapes, nature reserves, natural heritage and species of organisms at tourist centers and destinations.

3. The State management agencies of tourism at central level shall, in collaboration with relevant ministries, ministerial level agencies, Government bodies and provincial level People’s Committees, be primarily responsible for directing, guiding and monitoring the performance of environmental protection in tourism activities in accordance with the provisions of this Law and the other regulations of the relevant law.

Article 46: Environmental Protection in Agricultural Production

1. Organizations and individuals engaged in the production, import and trade of fertilizers, pesticides, and veterinary medicines, must comply with the provisions of the law on environmental protection and other regulations of the relevant law.

2. The trade in, and use of, varieties of pesticides and veterinary medicines that expire and are not included in the established lists must be prohibited.

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4. Centered animal rearing areas must comply with the following requirements for environmental protection:

(a) Ensuring environmental sanitation for residential areas;

(b) Having wastewater collection and treatment systems installed to meet the environmental standards;

(c) Livestock solid wastes must be managed in accordance with the regulations of waste management to avoid the release of wastes into the environment;

(d) Stables and farms must be periodically sanitized; and ensuring the prevention of, and preparedness to epidemic diseases;

(e) Carcasses of animals killed by epidemics must be managed in accordance with the regulations on hazardous waste management and hygiene and disease prevention;

5. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development shall, in collaboration with the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment and provincial level People’s Committees, be primarily responsible for directing and organizing the guidance and inspection of the compliance with the law on environmental protection in agricultural production activities.

Article 47: Environmental Protection in Aquaculture

1. Organizations and individuals engaged in the production and import and trade of, veterinary medicines and chemicals in aquaculture must comply with the provisions of the law on environmental protection and the other regulations of the relevant law.

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3. Veterinary medicines and chemicals that expire for use in aquaculture; empty packages and containers of veterinary medicines and chemicals for aquaculture; sludge and feed residues must be collected during cleaning up aquacultural ponds, and treated in accordance with the regulations on waste management.

4. Centered aquacultural areas must be consistent with the local planning and comply with the following requirements for environmental protection:

(a) Wastes must be collected and treated to meet the waste standards;

(b) Environmental rehabilitation must be performed upon the termination of aquacultural activities;

(c) Sanitary conditions and epidemic disease prevention in aquaculture must be ensured; and the use of chemicals that are toxic or toxically accumulative must be prohibited.

5. Centered aquacultural farms must not be constructed on alluvial plains that are being developed into coastal estuaries; and the destruction of mangrove forests for agriculture must be prohibited.

6. The Ministry of Fisheries shall, in collaboration with the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment and provincial level People’s Committees, be primarily responsible for directing and organizing the guidance and inspection of the compliance with the law on environmental protection in aquacultural activities.

Article 48: Environmental Protection in Burial Services

1. Burial grounds must comply with the following requirements:

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(b) Without causing pollution to water resources for domestic and production consumptions;

2. The resting, embalming, movement and burial of the deceased and remains must comply with the requirements for environmental sanitation.

3. The burial of the deceased due to dangerous diseases must comply with the regulations of the Ministry of Health.

4. The State shall encourage residential communities and the people to exercise the burial of the deceased within cemeteries and burial grounds in accordance with the local planning; the sanitary cremation of the deceased and the elimination of backward customs and habits in burial practice that pollute the environment;

5. Organizations and individuals engaged in the provision of burial services must comply with the provisions of the law on environmental protection and the law on hygiene and epidemic prevention.

6. The Ministry of Health shall, in collaboration with relevant ministries, ministerial level agencies, Government bodies and provincial level People’s Committees, be primarily responsible for directing and guiding the performance of environmental protection in burial activities as stipulated in this Article.

Article 49: Dealing with Production, Business and Service Units that Pollute the Environment

1. Sanctions imposed against organizations and individuals engaged in production, business and service activities that pollute the environment shall be specified as follows:

(a) Fines and enforced application of measures of waste reduction and treatment to meet the environmental standards;

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(c) Other sanctions shall be imposed in accordance with the provisions of the law on dealing with administrative infringements;

(d) In case of causing damages to human life and health, properties and legitimate interests of organizations and individuals as the result of environmental pollution, compensation must be paid to the damages in accordance with the provisions of Section 2, Chapter XIX of this Law or criminal prosecution must be imposed;

2. Organizations and individuals engaged in production, business and service activities that seriously pollute the environment, shall, in addition to sanctions stipulated in Paragraph 1 of this Article, be dealt with one of the following sanctions:

(a) To be enforced to take measures to remedy environmental pollution and rehabilitate the environment in accordance with the provisions of Article 93 of this Law;

c) To be enforced to relocate their establishments to areas that are distant from residential areas and appropriate to the carrying capacity of local environments;

(b) To be prohibited from operation

3. Responsibilities for, and the competence to decide on, dealing with establishments that pollute and seriously pollute the environment, shall be specified as follows:

(a) Specialized agencies of environmental protection at provincial level shall have the responsibility to detect and annually make a list of establishments that pollute and seriously pollute the environment in their localities, and report to the People’s Committees of the same level, the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment, relevant ministries, ministerial level agencies and Government bodies;

(b) Provincial level People’s Committees shall decide on dealing with establishments that pollute the environment in their localities according to their competence and decentralization stipulated by the Prime Minister of the Government;

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(d) The Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment shall, in collaboration with relevant ministries, ministerial level agencies, Government bodies and provincial level People’s Committees, be primarily responsible for submitting to the Prime Minister of the Government lists of establishments that seriously pollute the environment, and the dealing with those establishments that seriously pollute the environment at levels of severity beyond the competence or capacity to deal with by ministries, ministerial level agencies, Government bodies and provincial level People’s Committees, for decision.

4. Ministers and Heads of ministerial level agencies and Government bodies shall, within the extent of their tasks and powers, have the responsibility to deal with establishments that pollute the environment in accordance with the provisions of Paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article.

5. Decisions on dealing with establishments that pollute and seriously pollute the environment must be notified to the People’s Committees at district and communal levels where the establishments are located, and publicized for surveillance and inspection by the local people.

6. The Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment shall provide specific guidance for examining and inspecting the enforcement of establishments that pollute the environment.

7. The State shall encourage all organizations and individuals to develop technologies of environmental pollution treatment; provide supports from the state budget, land funds, preferential credits and other resources for enforcing establishments that pollute the environment.

Chapter VI

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN URBAN AND RESIDENTIAL AREAS

Article 50: Planning of Environmental Protection in Urban and Residential Areas

1. The planning of environmental protection in urban centers and residential areas must constitute an integral content of urban and residential area planning.

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(a) Systems of centered wastewater collection and treatment facilities; systems of storm water drainage; and systems of solid waste collection, storage, treatment and recycling facilities;

(b) Systems of water supply for domestic and production consumptions;

(c) Systems of parks, resorts, recreation and entertainment places and public sanitary facilities;

(d) Systems of trees and water bodies;

(e) Burial grounds.

3. The construction of new production and business units that potentially impose significant risks of environmental pollution and incidents within urban centers and residential areas must be prohibited.

4. Provincial and district level People’s Committees shall have the responsibility to develop and approve environmental protection planning in accordance with the provisions of the law on the construction for urban center and residential planning.

Article 51: Environmental Protection Requirements for Urban Centers and Centered Residential Areas

1. Urban centers must comply with the following requirements for environmental protection:

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(b) Having facilities and equipment provided for domestic solid waste collection and storage to be appropriate to waste volumes and categories, and with adequate capacity to receive at source-segregated wastes from households within residential areas;

(c) Ensuring the compliance with the requirements for urban landscapes and environmental sanitation.