DECISION

PROMULGATING 21 LABOR HYGIENE STANDARDS, 05 PRINCIPLES AND 07 LABOR HYGIENE MEASUREMENTS

THE MINISTER OF HEALTH

Pursuant to the Law on People’s health protection

Pursuant to the Government's Decree No. 68/CP of October 11, 1993 on defining the functions, tasks, powers and organizational structure of the Ministry of Health;

Upon obtaining the consent of the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs in the Official Dispatch No. 941/LDTBXH-BHLD of April 02, 2002; Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry in the Official Dispatch No. 0850/PTM-VPGC of April 17, 2002.

At the proposal of the Director of Defensive Medicine Department – the Ministry of Health

DECIDES:

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1. Twenty one (21) Standards of labor hygiene applicable to facilities that employ workers.

2. Five (05)  principles and seven (07) measurements of labor hygiene being fundamental guidance for establishing working systems and positions, working machinery and tools, labor classification.

Article 2. This Decision takes effect after 15 days as from its promulgation. The provisions on labor hygiene from section 1 to section 8 in the fourth part “Provisions on labor hygiene” in the Decision No. 505-BYT/QD on April 13, 1992 of The Minister of Health on promulgating a number of Temporary hygiene standards are abolished.

Article 3. The Director of Defensive Medicine Department is responsible to organize, direct and inspect the implementation of this Decision.

Article 4. the Chief officers, the Chief Inspector, the Director of Defensive Medicine Department – the Ministry of Health, Heads of units affiliated to the Ministry of Health, the Directors of the Services of Health of central-affiliated cities and provinces are responsible to implement this Decision.

FOR THE MINISTER OF HEALTH
DEPUTY MINISTER




Nguyen Van Thuong

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(Promulgated together with the Decision No. 3733/2002/QD-BYT of The Minister of Health on October 10. 2002)

Part 1: Twenty one (21) standards of labor hygiene

1. Standards of hygienic amenities

2. Standards of hygienic distance

3. Manual labor – Standards of task classification by energy consumption

4. Manual labor – Standards of task classification by heart rate

5. Carrying standard – Limited weight

6. Standards of lighting

7. Standards of microclimate

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9. Standards of non-silicon dust

10. Standards of cotton dust

11. Standards of asbestos dust

12. Standards of noise

13. Standards of vibration

14. Standards of static magnetic field - Magnetic flux density

15. Standards of low-frequency magnetic field - Magnetic flux density

16. Standards of low-frequency electromagnetic field intensity and static electric field

17. Standards of intensity of electromagnetic field from 30kHz - 300GHz

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19. Standards of radioactivity

20. X-ray radiation – Acceptable limit

21. Chemicals – Acceptable limits in the working air.

Part 2:  Five (05) principles and seven (07) measurements of labor hygiene

1. Principle 1 – Ergonomic design of labor systems

2. Principle 2 – Ergonomic design of labor positions

3. Principle 3 – Ergonomic design of machinery and tools

4. Principle 4 – Work area layout

5. Principle 5 – Work positions with computers

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7. Measurement 2 – Height of work surfaces

8. Measurement 3 – Distance from eyes to things

9. Measurement 4 - View angle

10. Measurement 5 – Footrest

11. Measurement 6 – Lifting height

12. Measurement 7 – Physiological measurements of thermal strain - Limit values

Part 1

TWENTY ONE (21) STANDARDS OF LABOR HYGIENE

I. STANDARDS OF HYGIENIC AMENITIES

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2. Subjects of application: The facilities that employ workers (production facilities, business establishments, offices…)

3. Definition

The term is construed as follows:

- Hygienic amenities mean: The hygiene works and general amenities serving workers at facilities that employ workers.

4. Standards of hygienic amenities

Hygiene facilities

Standard

Scope of application

Latrine pit

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1- 10 people/pit

11- 20 people /pit

21 - 30 people /pit

Facilities with:

1- 100 people

101 - 500 people

Over 500 people

Urinary pit

By shift:

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11- 20 people /pit

21 - 30 people /pit

Facilities with:

1- 100 people

101 - 500 people

Over 500 people

Bathroom

By shift:

1- 20 people /room

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Over 30 people / room

Facilities with:

1- 300 people

301 - 600 people

Over 600 people

Menstrual hygiene room

By shift:

1- 30 females/ room

Over 30 females/ room

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1 - 300 people

Over 300 people

Hand-washing faucet

By shift:

1 - 20 people / faucet

21 - 30 people / faucet

Over 30 people / faucet

Facilities with:

1 - 100 people

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Over 500 people

Emergency clean water faucet

1 - 200 people /faucet

Over 200 people / faucet

Facilities with:

1 - 1,000 people

Over 1,000 people

Clothes storing place

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Facilities employing workers (production facilities, business establishments, offices…)

Potable water

1.5 liter/person/shift

Facilities hiring workers (production facilities, business establishments, offices…)

II.  STANDARDS OF HYGIENIC DISTANCE

1. Scope of regulation: Minimum distance from the production facility to residential areas.

2. Subjects of application: These standards are applicable to facilities separately situated outside processing and exporting zones or industrial zones that emit toxic substances that harm the environment and human health.

3. Definition

The term is construed as follows:

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4. Standards of hygienic distance:

4.1. Fuel

4.1.1. A distance of 1,000m for facilities:

a. Producing gas, lighting gas, vapor with production over 50,000 m³/hour.

b. Producing inflammable gas with production over 5,000 ton/year.

c. Conducting petroleum refinery and petrochemistry with over 0.5% sulphur.

d. Filtering and treating coal

e. Processing fuel slabs.

f. Producing semi-finished products being naphthalene with production over 2,000 ton/year.

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4.1.2. A distance of 500m for facilities:

a. Producing inflammable gas from fossil coal or peat with production from 5,000 – 50,000 m³/hour.

b. Processing fossil coal powder.

c. Conducting petroleum refinery and petrochemistry with production under 0.5% sulphur.

d. Producing acetylene from natural gas.

e. Producing inflammable gas with production from 1,000 to 5,000 m³/hour.

f. Processing fluoric gas.

g. Producing acetylene from hydrocarbide

4.1.3. A distance of 100m for facilities:

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b. Producing inflammable gas with production under 1,000 m³/year.

c. Producing matches

d. Producing compressed oxygen and hydrogen

e. Being fuel depots.

g. Selling petrol.

h. Storing inflammable and explosive materials.

4.2. Chemicals, fertilizers and rubber

4.2.1. A distance of 1,000m for facilities:

a. Producing nitrogen and nitrogenous fertilizer.

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c. Producing NaOH by electrolysis

d. Producing oil (benzol, toluene, xylol naphthol, phenol cresol, anthracene, phenantrol, acridine, carbazole)

e. Producing chloride rubber “nairit” in facilities that produce chlorine.

f. Producing synthetic ethyl ether.

g. Producing methyl ether and ethyl solution.

h. Producing synthetic chemicals.

i. Producing organic and inorganic acid

- Sulfuric acid.

- Hydrochloric acid

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- Picric acid.

- Flavic, criolit and fluoric salt.

- Aminolenan.

- Xinhin.

j. Producing

- Mercury.

- Arsenic and inorganic compounds with arsenic.

- Chorine.

- Phosphorus.

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- Beryllium.

4.2.2. A distance of 500m for facilities:

a. Producing ammonia

b. Producing

- Niobium.

- Tantalum.

- Rare metal using chloridization.

- Baryum chloride using hydrosulphur.

- Industrial grease (hydrogenated by non-electrolyzing methods).

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d. Producing industrial semi-finished products being aniline paint from benzene and ether with production over 1,000 ton/year.

e. Producing polyethylene and polypropylene from petroleum gas.

f. Producing synthetic fatty acid.

g. Producing synthetic rubber.

h. Recycling rubber.

i. Producing rubber, ebonite and rubber paper.

j. Vulcanizing rubber using hydrosulfur.

k. Producing nicotine.

l. Producing phenol formaldehyde and other artificial powder with production over 300 ton/year.

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n. Vulcanizing rubber using hydrosulfur.

o. Recycling rubber.

p. Producing spray paint.

q. Producing, processing, packing, preserving plant protection chemicals.

r. Producing phosphate and superphosphate.

s. Producing soap with production over 2,000 ton/year.

4.2.3. A distance of 100m for facilities:

a. Producing glycerine.

b. Producing natural rubber.

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d. Producing plastic being polyvinyl chloride, vinyl, polyurethane foam, spongy plastic, plastic glass, spyropo.

e. Producing perfume.

f. Vulcanizing rubber without using sulfurcarbon.

g. Producing artificial gems.

h. Producing plastic products or processed from semi-finished plastic materials.

i. Producing soap with production under 2,000 ton/year.

j. Producing products from synthetic powder, polymer and plastic using various methods.

4.3. Ferrous metallurgy

4.3.1. A distance of 1,000m for facilities:

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b. Refining cast iron that the total capacity of the blast furnaces is over 1,500 m³.

c. Producing aluminum by electrolysis

d. Refining steel using open-hearth furnace method and transitional furnace with production over 1,000,000 ton/year.

e. Producing ferrous alloy.

4.3.2. A distance of 500m for facilities:

a. Producing magnesium (by non-chloridizing method).

b. Refining cast iron that the total capacity of the blast furnaces from 500 to 1,500 m³.

b. Producing cast iron pipe with production over 10,000 ton/year.

d. Refining steel using open-hearth furnace method, electric furnace and transitional furnace with production under 1,000,000 ton/year.

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4.3.3. A distance of 100m for facilities:

a. Producing bare cable.

b. Processing cast iron, steel with production under 10,000 ton/year.

c. Producing metal electrodes.

4.4. Non-ferrous metallurgy

4.4.1. A distance of 1,000m for facilities:

b. Re-processing non-ferrous metal with production over 3,000 ton/year.

b. Refining non-ferrous metal directly from ore and refined ore.

c. Burning non-ferrous metal ore and burned piryte.

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a. Producing non-ferrous metal with production over 2,000 ton/year.

b. Re-processing non-ferrous metal with production from 1,000 to 3,000 ton/year.

c. Producing zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt by electrolyzing solvent with water.

4.4.3. A distance of 100m for facilities:

a. Producing antimony by electrolysis.

b. Plating with zinc, chrome, nickel

4.5. Building material

4.5.1. A distance of 1,000m for facilities:

a. Producing porland cement, porland slag cements, puzolan cement with production over 150,000 ton/year.

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4.5.2. A distance of 500m for facilities:

a. Producing porland cement, porland slag cements, puzolan cement with production under 150,000 ton/year.

b. Producing plaster.

c. Producing building materials (stones, sand, gravel).

d. Producing local cement with production under 5,000 ton/year.

e. Producing magnesite lime, dolomitic lime using manual furnaces.

f. Producing concrete, asphalt.

g. Producing glass wool and slag wool.

h. Producing asphalt paper.

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a. Producing fibro-cement and flagstones

b. Producing artificial stones and products from concrete.

c. Casting stones.

d. Producing products from ceramics and fireproof products.

e. Producing glass.

f. Producing building materials using scrap from thermo-electric power plants.

g. Producing products from porcelain.

h. Producing plaster products.

i. Producing products from clay.

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4.6. Treating timber and forest products

4.6.1. A distance of 1,000m for facilities:

- a. Producing charcoal not using the pyrolytic method.

4.6.2. A distance of 500m for facilities:

a. Seasoning timber.

a. Producing charcoal by pyrolysis.

4.6.3. A distance of 100m for facilities:

a. Producing wood fiber.

b. Cutting wood; producing plywood and wooden furniture.

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d. Producing materials from sedge, grass, straw, laminate.

e. Producing products from wood fiber (shavings laminate, wood fiber laminate, wood fiber cement laminate).

f. Producing sedge cloth.

g. Producing wooden furniture, coffins, floor timber.

h. Building wooden ships and boars.

4.7. Textile and garment

4.7.1. A distance of 500m for facilities:

Producing textile and thread using chemicals to treat, bleach and dye.

4.7.2. A distance of 100m for facilities:

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4.8. Cellulose and paper

4.8.1. A distance of 1,000m for facilities:

- Producing cellulose by sulphide acid, bisulphide acid and monosulphid acid methods that burn sulphur.

4.8.2. A distance of 500m for facilities:

- Producing fenylaldehyt cloth, paper coils and laminates with production over 100 ton/year.

4.8.3. A distance of 100m for facilities:

a. Producing fenylaldehyt cloth, paper coils and laminates with production under 100 ton/year.

b. Producing various kinds of paper and cardboard, products from wood, bamboo, cellulose without using liquified sulfur gas.

4.9. Tanning leather and products from leather and leatherette

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- Producing leatherette using dusty soluble organic substances.

4.9.2. A distance of 100m for facilities:

a. Producing leatherette using polyvinylchloride and other powders without using dusty soluble organic substances.

b. Tanning cattle

4.10. Food

4.10.1. A distance of 500m for facilities:

a. Being cattle farm with over 1,000 head.

b. Being slaughterhouse that process fish (fat, oil, fin).

c. Being facilities taking fat from sea animals.

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e. Being station for rinsing and cleaning the carriages after carrying cattle.

f. Being sugar plants.

g. Being fishery facilities.

4.10.2. A distance of 100m for facilities:

a. Producing albumin.

b. Producing wine.

c. Grinding, producing cattle feed.

d. Producing meat and freezing meat.

e. Treating coffee.

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g. Producing vegetable butter.

h. Being fruit factories.

i. Producing dextrin, sugar, honey.

j. Boiling cheese.

k. Canning fish, processing fish with waste-recycling workshops, fish factory-chains.

l. Producing powder, alcohol and seasoning.

m. Producing cigarettes using yeast.

n. Producing acetone butyl.

o. Producing beer (together with malt and yeast).

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q. Being fruit depots.

r. Producing sugar lumps.

s. Producing noodles.

t. Producing smoked fish.

u. Producing milk and butter (from animals).

v. Producing sausage with production over 3 ton/shift.

w. Producing sweet with production of 20,000 ton/year or above.

x. Producing bread.

y. Processing food.

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aa.  Freezing food with capacity over 600 ton.

bb. Producing fruit wine.

cc. Producing fruit juice.

dd. Producing Cognac.

ee. Rolling cigarettes, hatched and dried tobacco.

4.11. Hygiene technical constructions and public amenities

4.11.1. A distance of 1,000m for:

a. Yards for storing and classifying rubbish (solids and liquids) and scrap.

b. Ash pile that stinks or discomposing waste pile.

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a. Rubbish recycling and burning plants.

b. Hygienic waste burial yards.

c. Rubbish classification yards.

d. Industrial waste burial yards.

e. Parking yard of means of waste transport.

f. Reservoir for sewage from cities and town, sewage treatment zones.

g. Graveyards

h. Depots for recyclable materials.

4.11.3. A distance of 100m for:

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III. MANUAL LABOR – STANDARDS OF TASK CLASSIFICATION BY ENERGY CONSUMPTION

1. Scope of regulation: These standards are applicable to dynamic labor tasks (that release apparent energy) These standards do not apply to static labor tasks (that does not release apparent energy).

2. Subjects of application The workers at facilities that employ workers.

3. Definition

The terms in these standards are construed as follows:

- Energy consumption: is the amount of energy being used during the operation or the idle period. Usually represented in watt (W), kilocalorie per minute or per hour (Kcal/minute or Kcal/hour) or Kcal/kg of body weight/minute, or Kcal/minute/m² of body area.

- Energy consumption by netto: Is the energy consumption while working or resting excluding fundamental metabolism.

- Energy consumption by brutto: Is the energy consumption while working or resting including fundamental metabolism.

4. Standards of classification

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Class

Brutto energy consumption (Kcal/Kg/minute)

Male

Female

Light

Medium

Heavy

Very heavy

Extremely heavy

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< 0.062

0.062 – 0.080

0.080 – 0.127

0.127 – 0.160

0.160 – 0.200

> 0.20

< 0.050

0.050 – 0.065

0.065 – 0.095

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0.125 – 0.155

> 0.155

IV. MANUAL LABOR – STANDARDS OF TASK CLASSIFICATION BY HEART RATE

1. Scope of regulation: These standards are applicable to the labor tasks (that release apparent energy) in environments of which the temperature does not exceed 32⁰C. These standards do not apply to static labor tasks (that does not release apparent energy).

2. Subjects of application The workers at facilities that employ workers.

3. Definition

The term in these standards is construed as follows:

- Labor heart rate is the heart rate being monitored while the subject has been working at least 3 minutes.

4. Standards of classification

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Heart rate (beat/minute)

Light

Medium

Heavy

Very heavy

Extremely heavy

Maximum

< 90

90 - 100

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120 - 140

140 - 160

>160

Note: The labor heart rate may be extrapolated from the heart rate of the first recovery minute multiplied with 1.14.

V. CARRYING STANDARDS – LIMITED WEIGHT

1. Scope of regulation: These standards specify the maximum carrying weight for each load of a person that have adapted to strenuous manual labor while doing regular or irregular carrying jobs.

2. Subjects of application: the workers at facilities employing workers.

3. Limit values:

Norm

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Male

Female

Regular carrying jobs

Irregular carrying jobs

40

20

30

15

VI. LIGHTING STANDARDS

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2. Subjects of application: the facilities that employ workers. These standards are not applicable to outdoor workplaces.

3. Cited standards

The values specified in these standards are recommendations in ISO 8995-1998 and equivalent to TCVN 3743 – 83.

4. Acceptable values

The minimum light intensity for the works is prescribed in Table 1. The maximum value must not exceed 5,000 lux for filament bulbs and 10,000 lux for fluorescent lamps.

Table 1: Light intensity

Kind of interior/work

Class of work

Light intensity (lux)

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Incandescent lamps ^*

 Indoor shared areas

 Ventilation area, corridor

D - E

50

30

Staircase, elevator

C - D

100

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Locker room, restroom

C - D

100

50

Warehouse

D - E

100

50

Assembly workshops

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C - D

200

100

Medium tasks, car assembly

B - C

300

150

Precision works, electronics assembly

A - B

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250

Precision works, tool assembly

A - B

1,000

500

Chemicals

Automated processes

D - E

50

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Uncrowded production area

C - D

100

50

Shared interior

C - D

200

100

Laboratory

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300

200

Medicine preparation

C - D

300

200

OTK

A - B

500

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Colorimetry

A - B

750

400

Producing rubber pad

A - B

300

150

Garment industry

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A - B

500

250

OTK

A - B

750

375

Ironing

A - B

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150

Electricity industry

Cable production

B - C

200

100

Telephone network installation

A - B

300

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Line installation

A - B

500

250

Radio assembly

A - B

750

400

Extreme precision assembly of electronic components

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1,000

500

Food industry

Shared working area

C - D

200

100

Automated processes

D - E

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75

Manual processing, OTK

A - B

300

200

Casting industry

Casting workshop

D - E

150

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Raw casting, core casting

C - D

200

100

Precision casting, core making, OTK

A - B

300

200

Glass and ceramics industry

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D - E

100

50

Casting, molding, mixing room

C - D

200

100

Finishing, glazing, polishing

B - C

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150

Coloring, decorating

A - B

500

250

Grinding glass, precision works

A - B

750

400

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Production area without manual work

D - E

50

30

Production area with occasional manual work

D - E

100

50

Fixed workplace in the factory

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300

150

Supervision place and OTK

A - B

300

200

Leather industry

Share working area

B - C

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100

Molding, cutting, sewing, producing shoes

A - B

500

250

Quality testing, classifying, comparing

A - B

750

400

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Unfixed works

D - E

150

75

Manual works, non-manual works, welding

C - D

200

100

Non-manual works with automated machines

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300

150

Precision works, working with machines, precise machines, machine testing

A - B

500

250

Extremely precise works, measurement, OTK, complicated details

A - B

1,000

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Painting and coloring

Immersion painting, spraying raw paint

D - E

200

100

Usual painting, spraying and finishing

A - B

500

250

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A - B

750

400

Paper industry

Producing paper and cardboard

C - D

200

100

Automated production

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150

75

OTK, classification

A - B

300

150

Printing and bookbinding

Printer room

C - D

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150

Editing and reading room

A - B

500

250

Precise testing, revising, acid carving

A - B

750

375

...

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...

A - B

1,000

500

Carving steel and copper

A - B

1500

750

Bookbinding

A - B

...

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150

Typesetting, embossing

A - B

500

250

Textile industry

Ornamenting

D - E

200

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Spinning thread, coiling, winding, dyeing

C - D

300

150

Spinning small thread, weaving

A - B

500

250

Sewing, OTK

...

...

...

750

375

Carpentry workshop

Sawing area

D - E

150

75

Sitting works, assembly

C - D

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100

Comparing, selecting wood

B - C

300

150

Finishing, OTK

A -B

500

250

...

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Shared rooms

A - B

300

150

Professional planning room

A - B

500

250

Graphic room

...

...

...

500

250

Conference room

A - B

300

150

Shops

General lighting at shops

...

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Big shopping malls

B - C

500

250

Small shops

B - C

300

150

...

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...

B - C

500

250

School

General lighting

A - B

300

150

Office

...

...

...

300

150

Briefing room

A - B

300

150

Display room

A - B

500

...

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Laboratory

A - B

300

150

Art display room

A - B

300

150

Hall

...

...

...

150

75

Hospital

Areas

General lighting

A - B

...

...

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30

Diagnosis room

A - B

200

100

Reading room

A - B

150

100

...

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...

A - B

3

Diagnosis room:

General lighting

A - B

...

...

...

150

Localized diagnosis

A - B

750

375

Intensive treatment

...

...

...

A - B

30

20

Observation place

A - B

200

100

Workplaces of nurses

A - B

...

...

...

100

Surgery room

General lighting

A - B

500

250

...

...

...

A - B

10,000

5,000

Automated examination room

General lighting

A - B

...

...

...

250

Spot lighting

A - B

5,000

2.500

Pharmaceutical and test room

...

...

...

A - B

300

150

Spot lighting

A - B

500

250

Consultancy room

...

...

...

General lighting

A - B

300

150

Spot lighting

A - B

500

250

...

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- A: Works that require extreme precision

- B: Works that require high precision

- C: Works that require precision

- D: Works that require mediocre precision

- E: Works that require little precision

* For places that use both fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps, the incandescent lamp intensity shall prevail

VII. MICROCLIMATE STANDARDS

1. Scope of regulation:

These standards specify the temperature, humidity, air speed, heat radiation intensity.

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3. Cited standards

The value specified in these standards are equivalent to TCVN 5508 - 1991

4. Acceptable values

Table 1: Requirements of temperature, humidity, air speed, heat radiation intensity.

Time (season)

Work

Air temperature(⁰C)

Air humidity (%)

Air speed (m/s)

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Max

Min

Cold season

Light

Medium

Heavy

20

18

...

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80 or under

0.2

0.4

0.5

35 when more than 50% of the human body surface is exposed

70 when more than 25% of the human body surface is exposed

Hot season

Light

Medium

...

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34

32

30

80 or under

1.5

100 when less than 25% of the human body surface is exposed

For each measurement:

The temperature must not exceed 32⁰C. The production area must not be hotter than 37⁰C.

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The relative humidity: 75 - 85%.

The wind speed must not exceed 2m/s.

The heat radiation intensity: 1 cal/cm²/minute.

Table 2: Acceptable limits by Yaglou thermal index

Kind of work

Light

Medium

Heavy

Continuous work

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26.7

25.0

50% working, 50% at rest

31.4

29.4

27.9

25% working, 75% at rest

33.2

31.4

...

...

...

VIII. STANDARDS OF SILICON DUST

1. Scope of regulation:

These standards specify the limited concentration of the dust that contains silicon dioxide (SiO₂).

2. Subjects of application: the facilities that employ workers.

3. Cited standards

The value specified in these standards are equivalent to TCVN 5509 - 1991

4. Limit values:

4.1. The maximum acceptable concentration of dust by particle

Table 1: The maximum acceptable concentration of dust by particle

...

...

...

Silicon content (%)

Overall dust concentration (particle/cm³)

Respiratory dust concentration

(particle/cm³)

By shift

By time

By shift

By time

1

...

...

...

200

600

100

300

2

From over 20 to 50

500

1,000

250

...

...

...

3

From over 5 to 20

1,000

2,000

500

1,000

4

From 5 and fewer

1,500

...

...

...

800

1,500

4.2. The maximum acceptable concentration of dust by weight

Table 2: The maximum acceptable concentration of dust by weight

Group of dust

Silicon content (%)

Overall dust concentration (mg/m³)

Respiratory dust concentration

 (mg/m³)

...

...

...

By time

By shift

By time

1

100

0.3

0.5

0.1

0.3

...

...

...

From over 50 to under 100

1,0

2.0

0.5

1.0

3

From over 20 to 50

2.0

4.0

...

...

...

2.0

4

From 20 and fewer

3.0

6.0

2.0

4.0

IX. STANDARDS OF NON-SILICON DUST

1. Scope of regulation:

...

...

...

2. Subjects of application: the facilities that employ workers.

3. Limit values:

Table 1: The maximum acceptable concentration of non-silicon dust

Kind

Substance

Overall dust concentration (mg/m³)

Overall dust concentration
(mg/m³)

1

Activated carbon, aluminum, bentonite, diatomite, graphite, kaolin, pyrite, talcum powder

...

...

...

1

2

Bakelite, coal, ferric oxide, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, silicate, apatite, beryl, phosphatide, limestone, pearlite, marble, portland cement

4

2

3

Dust of herb, animal: tea, tobacco, wood dust, cereal dust

6

3

...

...

...

Organic and inorganic dust not belonging to kind 1, 2, 3

8

4

X. STANDARDS OF COTTON DUST

1. Scope of regulation:

These standards specify the limited concentration of dust of cotton and artificial cotton.

2. Subjects of application: the facilities that employ workers.

3. Limit values:

The maximum acceptable concentration of cotton dust (sampling for 8 hours): 1 mg/m³

...

...

...

1. Scope of regulation:

These standards specify the acceptable values of vocational exposures to every kind of asbestos dust belonging to the Serpentine (Chrysotile) group in the air of the production area.

2. Subjects of application: the facilities that workers.

3. Limit values:

Table 1: The acceptable values of vocational exposures to asbestos dust

No.

Substance

In 8 hours (fiber/ml)

In 1 hour (fiber/ml)

...

...

...

Serpentine (Chrysotile)

0.1

0.5

2

Amphibole

0

0

XII. STANDARDS OF NOISE

1. Scope of regulation:

...

...

...

2. Subjects of application: Every facility that employs workers.

3. Cited standards

The acceptable values specified in these standards are equivalent to TCVN 3985 - 1999

4. Acceptable levels

4.1. The continuous noise level equivalent to Leq dBA at workplaces must not exceed 85 dBA in 8 hours.

4.2. If the time of exposure to the noise reduces by 50%, the acceptable noise level may increases 5 more dB.

For 4 hours of exposure, 5 dB increased, the acceptable level is 90 dBA

2 hours                                                    95 dBA

1 hour                                                    100 dBA

...

...

...

15 minutes                                              110 dBA

< 15 minutes                                            115 dBA

The maximum loudness is 115 dBA.

Only exposure to noise under 80 dBA is acceptable for the remaining time of the working day .

4.3. The acceptable noise pressure level for noise under 5 dB compared to the values specified in section 4.1, 4.2.

4.4. In order to achieve the productivity at various working positions, the noise pressure level at such places must not exceed the values in the below table.

Table 1: The noise pressure level at working positions

Work positions

Limit of noise level or the equivalent (dBA)

...

...

...

63

125

250

500

1,000

2,000

4,000

8,000

1. Working areas of workers, places with workers in workshops and factories

...

...

...

99

92

86

83

80

78

76

74

2. Monitoring and remote control rooms without telephone, laboratories, computer rooms with noisy equipment.

...

...

...

94

87

82

78

75

73

71

70

3. Monitoring and remote control rooms with telephone, coordination room, precision assembly room, typing room..

...

...

...

87

79

72

68

65

63

61

59

4. Functional, administrative, accounting, planning, statistics rooms.

...

...

...

83

74

68

63

60

57

55

54

5. Mental working, designing, researching, statistics, programming, figure processing rooms and theoretic laboratory

...

...

...

75

66

59

54

50

47

45

43

XIII. STANDARDS OF VIBRATION

...

...

...

These standards specify the acceptable vibration levels of chairs, working floors, control devices and tool handles that produces vibration affecting the workers during the production.

2. Subjects of application: Every facility that employ workers.

3. Cited standards

These standards are equivalent to TCVN 5127 - 90

4. Acceptable rate

The vibration levels at the working places must not exceed the values specified in Table 1, 2, 3.

Table 1: Vibration of working floors and chairs

Frequency band (Hz)

Acceptable vibration velocity (cm/s)

...

...

...

Horizontal vibration

1 (0.88 – 1.4)

12.6

5.0

2 (1.4 – 2.8)

7.1

3.5

4 (2.8 – 5.6)

2.5

...

...

...

8 (5.6 – 11.2)

1.3

3.2

16 (11.2 – 22.4)

1.1

3.2

31.5 (22.4 - 45)

1.1

3.2

...

...

...

1.1

3.2

125 (90 - 180)

1.1

3.2

250 (180 - 355)

1.1

3.2

Table 2: Vibration of control devices

...

...

...

Acceptable vibration velocity (cm/s)

Vertical vibration

Horizontal vibration

16 (11.2 – 22.4)

4.0

4.0

31.5 (22.4 - 45)

2.8

2.8

...

...

...

2.0

2.0

125 (90 - 180)

1.4

1.4

250 (180 - 355)

1.0

1.0

Table 3: Vibration of the tool handles

...

...

...

Acceptable vibration velocity (cm/s)

Correction coefficient k₀^*

8 (5.6 – 11.2)

2.8

0.5

16 (11.2 – 22.4)

1.4

1

31.5 (22.4 - 45)

...

...

...

1

63 (45 - 90)

1.4

1

125 (90 - 180)

1.4

1

250 (180 - 355)

1.4

...

...

...

500 (355 - 700)

1.4

1

1,000 (700 - 1400)

1.4

1

* The correction coefficient k₀  is used for calculating the corrective vibration velocity V_hD (or total vibration velocity)

The acceptable corrective vibration velocity must not exceed 4 cm/s in 8 hours

The acceptable V_hD by time:

...

...

...

7 hours – 4.2 cm/s               3 hours – 6.5 cm/s

6 hours – 4.6 cm/s               2 hours – 8.0 cm/s

5 hours – 5.0 cm/s               1 hours – 11.3 cm/s

< 0.5 hours under 16 cm/s

XIV. STANDARDS OF STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD - MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY

1. Scope of regulation:

These standards specify the acceptable levels of magnetic flux density of static magnetic field in working environments affected by the static magnetic field.

2. Subjects of application: the facilities that employ workers.

3. Definition

...

...

...

- Medical equipment: is the medical equipment aiding the physiological functions such as pacing systems.

4. Acceptable levels

Table 1: Acceptable levels of magnetic flux density of static magnetic field.

Subjects of application

8 hours of exposure

Maximum limit

Entire body

60 mT (600G)

2 T (2.10⁴G)

...

...

...

600 mT (6000G)

5 T (5.10⁴G)

Attached medical equipment

-

0.5 mT (5G)

XV. STANDARDS OF LOW-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD - MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY

1. Scope of regulation:

These standards specify the acceptable levels of magnetic flux density of low-frequency magnetic field at work areas.

2. Subjects of application: the facilities that employ workers.

...

...

...

The terms in these standards are construed as follows:

- Low frequency: are frequencies from 30 KHz and lower.

4. Acceptable levels

Table 1: The acceptable levels of vocational exposures to low-frequency magnetic field

Frequency band

Acceptable level

Acceptable value  60/f

Maximum level

...

...

...

- f: the frequency of electric current (in Hz)

XVI. STANDARDS OF INTENSITY OF LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTRIC FIELD AND STATIC ELECTRIC FIELD

1. Scope of regulation:

These standards specify the acceptable levels of magnetic flux density of low frequency magnetic field at working areas.

2. Subjects of application: the facilities that employ workers.

3. Acceptable levels

Table 1: Acceptable levels of intensity of electric field below 30 KHz.

Frequency band

...

...

...

100Hz - 4kHz

4kHz - 30kHz

Maximum value

25kV/m

(2,5 x 10⁶)/f

625V/m

- f: the frequency of electric current (in Hz)

XVII. STANDARDS OF INTENSITY OF ELECTRIC FIELD FROM 30KHz - 300GHz

1. Scope of regulation:

...

...

...

2. Subjects of application: the facilities that employ workers.

3. Acceptable levels

Table 1a: Acceptable levels of intensity of electromagnetic field from 30KHz-300MHz.

Frequency

Electromagnetic field intensity (E)

(V/m)

Magnetic field intensity (H)

(A/m)

Average value of E, H over a period (second)

...

...

...

50

5

30

1.5MHz - 3MHz

50

5

30

3MHz - 30MHz

20

...

...

...

30

30MHz - 50MHz

10

0.3

30

50MHz - 300MHz

5

0.163

30

...

...

...

Frequency

Energy density (W/cm²)

Acceptable exposure duration in 1 day

Notes

300MHz - 300GHz

< 10

1 day

10 - 100

...

...

...

The energy density must not exceed 10 W/cm² for the rest.

100 - 1,000

< 20 minutes

Table 2: Acceptable values of contacting current and inductive current.

Maximum current (mA)

Frequency

Through 2 feet

Through each foot

Contact

...

...

...

2000f

1,000f

1,000f

100kHz - 100MHz

200

100

100

- f: the frequency of high-frequency electric current (in Hz)

XVIII. ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION – ACCEPTABLE LEVELS

...

...

...

2. Subjects of application: the facilities that employ workers.

3. Definition

The terms in these standards are construed as follows:

- Near-ultraviolet spectrum: are light waves of which the wavelengths range from 315nm - 400nm.

4. Acceptable levels

- The acceptable values of exposure to ultraviolet radiation that damage skin or eyes where the radiation values are known and the exposure durations are controlled:

4.1. Unprotected bare eye exposures to near-ultraviolet spectrum:

a. For duration < 10³ seconds, the radiation exposure must not exceed 1,0 J/cm².

b. For duration ≥10³ seconds, the total radiation energy must not exceed 1.0 mW/cm².

...

...

...

Table 1: Acceptable levels of ultraviolet radiation and spectral weighting function in 8 hours.

Wavelength (nm)

Acceptable levels (mJ/cm²)

 Spectrum intensity coefficient (S_)

180

250

0.012

190

160

...

...

...

200

100

0.030

205

59

0.051

210

40

0.075

...

...

...

32

0.095

220

25

0.120

225

20

0.150

230

...

...

...

0.190

235

13

0.240

240

10

0.300

245

8.3

...

...

...

250

7.0

0.430

254

6.0

0.500

255

5.8

0.520

...

...

...

4.6

0.650

265

3.7

0.810

270

3.0

0.1

275

...

...

...

0.960

280

3.4

0.880

285

3.9

0.770

290

4.7

...

...

...

295

5.6

0.540

297

6.5

0.460

300

10

0.300

...

...

...

25

0.120

305

50

0.060

308

120

0.026

310

...

...

...

0.015

313

500

0.006

315

1.0 x 10³

0.003

316

1.3 x 10³

...

...

...

317

1.5 x 10³

0.0020

318

1.9 x 10³

0.0016

319

2.5 x 10³

0.0012

...

...

...

2.9 x 10³

0.0010

322

4.5 x 10³

0.00067

323

5.6 x 10³

0.00054

325

...

...

...

0.00050

328

6.8 x 10³

0.00044

330

7.3 x 10³

0.00041

333

8.1 x 10³

...

...

...

335

8.8 x 10³

0.00034

340

1.1 x 10⁴

0.00028

345

1.3 x 10⁴

0.00024

...

...

...

1.5 x 10⁴

0.00020

355

1.9 x 10⁴

0.00016

360

2.3 x 10⁴

0.00013

365

...

...

...

0.00011

370

3.2 x 10⁴

0.000093

375

3.9 x 10⁴

0.000077

380

4.7 x 10⁴

...

...

...

385

5.7 x 10⁴

0.000053

390

6.8 x 10⁴

0.000044

395

8.3 x 10⁴

0.000036

...

...

...

1.0 x 10⁵

0.000030

Table 2: Acceptable levels of ultraviolet radiation.

Exposure duration/day

Effective radiation

E_eff (W/cm²)

8 hours

0.1

4 hours

...

...

...

2 hours

0.4

1 hour

0.8

30 minutes

1.7

15 minutes

3.3

10 minutes

...

...

...

5 minutes

10

1 minute

50

30 seconds

100

10 seconds

300

1 second

...

...

...

0.5 second

6,000

0.1 second

30,000

XIX. STANDARDS OF RADIOACTIVITY

1. Scope of regulation:

These standards specify the acceptable values of doses and levels of radioactive substances and radioactive rays at workplaces.

2. Subjects of application: These standards are applicable to people that directly or indirectly work with ionizing radiation. The general residents are not regulated.

3. Definition

...

...

...

- Ionizing radiation, as known as radioactivity, are all kinds of radiations (electromagnetic and particle radiation) that creates ions when interacting with the environment.

- Radiation bases: are places that use radiation sources such as:

+ X-ray devices, -ray emitters

+ Sources of closed radiation such as: Radium 226, cobalt, Strontium 90.

+ Sources of open radiation such as: I-131, P-32, U-238, Th-232.

- External radiation: radiation from a source outside the body.

- Internal radiation: radiation from a source inside the body.

- Equivalent dose: is the equivalent dose for a period of time (Rem/hour). Rem: Roentgent equivalent in man.

- Control zone: is the contiguous zones around the radiation bases or the radioactive gas discharge pipe

...

...

...

4. Cited standards

- These standards are equivalent to TCVN 4397 - 87

5. Acceptable doses

The equivalent dose at working positions of the radiation bases must not exceed the values specified in Table 1.

Table 1: Acceptable equivalent dose

Radiated subjects

Workplace

P (mrem/h) with t  40h/week

Subject A

...

...

...

- Workplaces under 20h/week

1.2

2.4

Subject B

- In other working rooms within the control zone

- In supervision zones

0.12

0.03

Notes: Subject A: Radiation worker

...

...

...

5.2. The limited doses in a year (for both internal and external radiation) of the radiated subjects and the vital organs are specified in Table 2:

Table 2: Limited dose in a year

Human subject

Limited dose for vital organs (rem/year)

Group I

Group II

Group III

A

5

...

...

...

30

B

0.5

1.5

3

Notes:

- Group I: whole-body, gonads, bone marrow.

- Group II: Organs outside Group I and III

- Group III: Skin, tissue, bones, hands, legs, feet, ankles

...

...

...

5.4. The radioactive contamination levels of surfaces at workplaces and protective instruments are specified in Table 5.

5.5. The total accumulative doses of Subject A at any age over 18 are calculated by the formula:

D  5 (N - 18)

- D: Dose (in Rem).

- N: Age (in year).

If necessary, the accumulative dose may reach 12 rem/year, but then must be offset in 5 years so that the total dose would not exceed D.

Table 3: The limited air density of nuclides of which the compositions are totally or partly unknown (Ci/l)

The composition of radioactive nuclide mixtures that contaminate through the respiratory tract

Subject A

...

...

...

Unknown composition

4 x 10^-16

1 x 10^-17

The composition does not contain Cm-248

8 x 10^-16

3 x 10^-17

The composition does not contain: PA-231, Pu 239, Pu-240. Pu 242, Cm-248, Cf-249, Cf-251

2 x 10^-15

5 x 10^-17

...

...

...

4 x 10^-15

1 x 10^-16

The composition does not contain any alpha radiation and Ac-227

2 x 10^-14

8 x 10^-16

The composition does not contain any alpha radiation and Pb-210. Ac-227, Ra-228, Pu-241

2 x 10^-13

8 x 10^-15

The composition does not contain any alpha radiation and Sr-90. I-192, Pb-210. Ac-227, Ra-228, Pa-230. Pu-241, Bk-249

...

...

...

8 x 10^-13

Table 4: The limited density of radioactive substances in the working air

No.

Radioactive nuclide

Form in compounds

Limited density in the working air Ci/l

No.

Radioactive nuclide

Form in compounds

...

...

...

Subject A

Subject B

Subject A

Subject B

1

H-3(T)

Insoluble Soluble

2.0x10^-6

4.8x10^-9

...

...

...

1.6x10^-10

31

Co-57

Soluble

Insoluble

1.6x10^-11

5.5x10^-12

2

C-14

...

...

...

3.5x10^-9

1.2x10^-10

32

Co-58

Soluble

Insoluble

5.6x10^-11

1.9x10^-12

3

...

...

...

Soluble

Insoluble

2.6x10^-9

8.7x10^-11

33

Co-60

Soluble

Insoluble

8.8x10^-12

...

...

...

4

Na-22

Soluble

Insoluble

8.4 x10^-12

2.9x10^-13

34

Ni-63

Soluble

...

...

...

6.4x10^-11

2.2x10^-12

5

Na-24

Soluble

Insoluble

1.4x10^-10

4.9x10^-12

35

...

...

...

Soluble

Insoluble

1.0x10^-9

3.6x10^-11

6

P-32

Soluble

Insoluble

7.2x10^-11

...

...

...

36

Zn-65

Soluble

Insoluble

6.0x10^-11

2.6x10^-12

7

S-35

Soluble

...

...

...

3.6x10^-11

1.2x10^-12

37

As-74

Soluble

Insoluble

1.2x10^-10

4.2x10^-12

8

...

...

...

Soluble

Insoluble

2.3x10^-11

7.8x10^-13

38

Se-75

Soluble

Insoluble

1.2x10^-10

...

...

...

9

K-42

Soluble

Insoluble

1.1x10^-10

3.7x10^-12

39

Br-82

Soluble

...

...

...

1.9x10^-10

6.4x10^-12

10

Ca-43

Soluble

3.2x10^-11

1.1x10^-12

40

...

...

...

Soluble

Insoluble

6.8x10^-11

2.3x10^-12

11

Ca-47

Insoluble

1.7x10^-10

5.8x10^-12

...

...

...

Sr-89

Soluble

2.8x10^-11

9.4x10^-13

12

Cr-51

Soluble

Insoluble

...

...

...

7.7x10^-11

42

Sr-90

Soluble

1.2x10^-12

4.0x10^-14

13

Mn-52

...

...

...

Insoluble

1.4x10^-10

4.8x10^-12

43

Y-90

Soluble

Insoluble

1.0x10^-10

3.5x10^-12

...

...

...

Mn-54

Soluble

Insoluble

3.6x10^-11

1.2x10^-12

44

Zr-93

Soluble

Insoluble

...

...

...

4.4x10^-12

15

Fe-55

Soluble

Insoluble

8.4x10^-10

2.9x10^-11

45

Tc-99m

...

...

...

Insoluble

1.4x10­^-9

4.8x10^-10

16

Fe-59

Soluble

Insoluble

5.2x10^-11

1.8x10^-12

...

...

...

Tc-99

Soluble

Insoluble

6.0x10^-11

2.1x10^-12

17

Mo-99

Soluble

Insoluble

...

...

...

6.9x10^-12

47

Au-198

Soluble

Insoluble

2.4x10^-10

8.0x10^-12

18

In-113m

...

...

...

Insoluble

6.8x10^-9

2.3x10^-10

48

Hg-197

Soluble

Insoluble

1.2x10^-9

4.0x10^-11

...

...

...

Sb-124

Soluble

Insoluble

1.9x10^-11

6.6x10^-13

49

Hg-203

Soluble

Insoluble

...

...

...

2.5x10^-12

20

I-125

Soluble

4.8x10^-12

1.6x10^-13

50

TI-201

...

...

...

Insoluble

8.8x10^-10

3.0x10^-11

21

I-126

Soluble

3.6x10^-12

1.2x10^-13

...

...

...

Pb-210

Soluble

Insoluble

6.0x10^-14

2.0x10^-13

22

I-129

Soluble

...

...

...

2.7x10^-14

52

Po-21

Soluble

Insoluble

9.3x10^-14

3.1x10^-15

23

I-131

...

...

...

4.2x10^-12

1.5x10^-13

53

Ra-226

Soluble

Insoluble

2.5x10^-14

8.5x10^-18

...

...

...

Cs-131

Soluble

Insoluble

1.0x10^-8

3.6x10^-10

54

Th-232

Soluble

Insoluble

...

...

...

2.5x10^-14

25

Cs-134m

Soluble

Insoluble

6.0x10^-9

2.0x10^-10

55

U-235

...

...

...

Soluble

Insoluble

6.0x10^-14

26

Cs-134

Soluble

Insoluble

1.3x10^-11

...

...

...

56

U-238

Soluble

Insoluble

6.3x10^-14

2.2x10^-15

27

Cs-137

Soluble

...

...

...

1.4x10^-14

4.9x10^-13

57

Am-241

Soluble

Insoluble

3.0x10^-15

1.0x10^-16

28

...

...

...

Soluble

Insoluble

3.5x10^-10

1.2x10^-11

58

Cm-244

Soluble

Insoluble

46x10^-15

...

...

...

29

La-140

Soluble

Insoluble

1.2x10^-10

4x10^-12

59

Cf-252

Soluble

...

...

...

3.2x10^-15

1.1x10^-16

30

Ir-192

Soluble

Insoluble

2.6x10^-11

8.7x10^-13

...

...

...

Notes:  Other specifications of the radioactive nuclides in this Table can be found in "Safety Norm of ionizing radiation” TCVN 4397-87

Table 5: Contamination levels of surfaces (particle/cm²/minute)⁽¹⁾

Contaminated subject

Nuclide emitting alpha particle

Nuclide emitting beta particle ⁽⁴⁾

Special nucleus⁽²⁾

...

...

...

Skin, towel, internal clothes, inner side of the front side of personal safety instruments.

1

1

100

Primary safety outfit, inner side of additional safety instruments

5

20

800

Surface of rooms with regular workers, outer side of additional safety instrument in these rooms.

...

...

...

20

2,000

Surface of machinery rooms without regular workers, outer side of additional safety instrument in these rooms.

50

200

8,000

Means of transport, outer side of containers and wrap of radioactive substances in the control zones⁽³⁾.

10

10

...

...

...

Notes:

(1) For surfaces of working rooms, equipment, means of transport, containers, wrap, the contamination level is determined using dry cleaning method according to the non-sticky contamination amount (cleanable). For other cases, the contamination levels are determined by the total contamination level (non-sticky and sticky)

(2) Special nuclides are nuclides that emit alpha particles with acceptable density in the working air being 1.10^-14 Curi/liter.

(3) The radioactive contamination on the outer side of the radioactive substance container and means of transport are not allowed outside the control zone.

(4) For Sr-90. Sr-90 + Y-90, the acceptable contamination level is 5 times lower. The tritium contamination is not regulated because it is controlled by the content in the air and in the body.

XX. X-RAY RADIATION – ACCEPTABLE LEVELS

1. Scope of regulation:

These standards specify the requirements for radiation safety of medical X-ray facilities.

2. Subjects of application: medical X-ray facilities.

...

...

...

The terms in these standards are construed as follows:

- Medical X-ray facilities are medical facilities using X-ray devices for medical examination and treatment.

4. Cited standards

These standards are equivalent to TCVN 6561-1999

5. Acceptable levels

5.1. Limited doses

Table 1: Acceptable doses in a year

Kind of dose and subjects of application

Radiation worker

...

...

...

Other people

Systemic effective dose

20mSv

6mSv

1mSv

Equivalent dose for crystalline lens

150mSv

50mSv

15mSv

...

...

...

500mSv

150mSv

50mSv

Lounge and waiting room

1mSv

Notes: - The doses when working with X-ray do not include natural background radiation.

- Doses for special cases are specified in the Annex

...

...

...

Location

Dose (Sv/h)

- Directly radiated workers

10.0

- Film development room

0.50

- Patient waiting room or lounge

0.50

- Working rooms and workplaces of employees

...

...

...

- The outer side X-ray machine

0.50

5.2.  Limited doses in special cases

5.2.1. Effective doses for radiation worker: 20mSv, averagely sampled in 5 consecutive working years. The dose may reach 50mSv in a single year but the average dose in 5 years must not exceed 20mSv/year.

The effective dose for radiation workers is 20mSv/year being averagely sampled in 10 consecutive working years and the dose in any single year does not exceed 50mSv.

When the accumulative effective dose of a radiation worker reaches 100mSv, it must be reconsidered.  If his/her health is still normal without manifestation of radioactive impacts, the blood formula is still unchanged etc., the work may continue.

5.2.2. Effective doses for other people: The dose may reach 5 mSv in a single year but the average dose in 5 consecutive years must not exceed 1 mSv/year The layout, sizes and radiation protection methods are specified in the Annex.

5.3. Location of a X-ray facility

The X-ray facility must be isolated from paediatrics, obstetrics, crowded areas etc,  especially the tenements.

...

...

...

Each X-ray facility must contain at least the following rooms:

- The patient waiting room or lounge,

- The X-ray machine room,

- The film development room,

- The working room or place of radiation workers.

5.4.1. The Patient waiting room or lounge:

- The patient waiting room (or lounge) must be separated from the X-ray room. The limited dose in this room must not exceed 1mSv/year.

5.4.2. The X-ray machine room must satisfy the following requirements:

- Convinient for the installation and operation, safe for the patients to moves. The minimum area is 25 m², the minimum width is 4.5 m, the minimum height is 3m for an ordinary X-ray machine.

...

...

...

Table 3: The minimum size of working rooms for medical X-ray machines

Work

Room area

Minimum side length

- (CT scanner room)

+ 2-dimension

+ 3-dimension

28 m²

...

...

...

4 m

4 m

- X-ray room for teeth

12 m²

3 m

- X-ray room for breast

18 m²

4 m

...

...

...

30 m²

4.5 m

- X-ray machine with signal contrast medium

36 m²

5.5 m

- Automated dark room

7 m²

2.5 m

- Non-automated dark room

...

...

...

2.5 m

- If the room design for new machines recommended by the producer is smaller than the above measurements, the consent of competent State agencies is compulsory.

- The thickness of the walls, the ceiling, the floor and the doors of the X-ray machine room must be calculated and designed in accordance with specifications of the equipment (voltage, current intensity), operation duration and the outer occupation coefficient of the X-ray room.

- The minimum height of the vents and windows of the X-ray room where people pass by is 2 m from the floor outside the X-ray room.

- The radiation signal light must be put at the eye level outside the door of the X-ray room. The signal light must glow throughout the radiation emission of the machine.

- The X-ray machine installation must ensure that the X-ray beam is not emitted toward the door or places with many people, and the eyes must be protected from the radiation sources. The shield height must be over 2m from the floor, the minimum width is 90cm and the corresponding thickness is 1.5mm of lead.

- For rooms with 2 X-ray machines, only 1 is allowed to operate at a time.

- The control panel is put inside or outside the X-ray room depending on the machine itself. There must be lead glass for observing the patient. The limited dose at the control panel must not exceed 20 mSv/year (excluding natural background radiation).

5.4.3. The film development room (the dark room):

...

...

...

- The dose in the dark room must not affect the film development. The undeveloped film must not be radiated over 1 mSv/year, excluding natural background radiation.

- The dark room door must not be directly radiated.

- The cassette pass box in the X-ray room must be covered with 2 mm lead.

5.4.4. The working room (or place) of radiation workers:

- The working room (or place) of radiation workers must be separated from the X-ray room. The doses in the room must not exceed 1 mSv/year, excluding natural background radiation.

XXI. CHEMICALS – ACCEPTABLE LIMITS IN THE WORKING AIR